Author: Devikasivan

  • Ayurvedic Cure for Osteoarthritis at Raha Ayurveda

    Ayurvedic Cure for Osteoarthritis at Raha Ayurveda

    Osteoarthritis, the most prevalent form of arthritis, affects millions of people worldwide. This degenerative disease is characterized by structural and functional disorders in one or more joints, leading to pain, swelling, and restricted movement. The primary culprit behind osteoarthritis is the gradual deterioration of protective cartilage on the bone ends, often associated with aging. However,…

  • Ayurvedic Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis: Holistic Healing for Muscle Weakness

    Ayurvedic Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis: Holistic Healing for Muscle Weakness

    Myasthenia gravis presents a formidable challenge in the realm of neurological disorders, characterized by debilitating muscle weakness that hinders everyday activities. This condition arises when the lines of communication between nerve cells and muscles falter. Although a definitive cure for myasthenia gravis remains elusive, numerous treatments are available to alleviate its symptoms. In this blog,…

  • Ayurvedic Management of Parkinson’s Disease: Restoring Harmony with RAHA Ayurveda

    Ayurvedic Management of Parkinson’s Disease: Restoring Harmony with RAHA Ayurveda

    Introduction Managing Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, can be a formidable challenge with conventional medical treatments alone. However, Ayurvedic medicine offers a holistic approach to address Parkinson’s disease. In Ayurvedic philosophy, Parkinson’s is seen as an aggravated Vata condition influenced by various factors. Ayurveda focuses on restoring harmony between the mind, body, and the forces…

  • Ayurvedic Management of Autoimmune Disorders By Raha Ayurveda

    Ayurvedic Management of Autoimmune Disorders By Raha Ayurveda

    Autoimmune diseases represent intricate conditions wherein the body’s immune system mistakenly targets its own tissues, giving rise to a range of health challenges. These conditions can substantially affect an individual’s quality of life, often necessitating long-term management and treatment. In this article, we shall delve into the origins of autoimmune diseases and explore the potential…

  • The Health Benefits of Ash Gourd By Dr. M.R Vasudevan Namboothiri

    The Health Benefits of Ash Gourd By Dr. M.R Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Dr. M.R Vasudevan Namboothiri‘s insightful examination delves into the extraordinary and versatile medicinal advantages of ash gourd, known as ‘kooshmandam’ in Sanskrit. Ash gourd, a widely cultivated vegetable in India, emerges as a veritable powerhouse in the domain of natural remedies. Ayurvedic practitioners have held this unassuming vegetable in high esteem for generations, harnessing its…

  • The Significance of Childhood Nutrition and Digestive Health by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    The Significance of Childhood Nutrition and Digestive Health by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Childhood represents a pivotal phase marked by the development and functioning of internal organs. Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri, an esteemed expert in Ayurvedic medicine, underscores the profound importance of this stage. He emphasizes how the foods consumed during childhood not only shape the body but also profoundly influence future health outcomes. Proper digestion and efficient…

  • Ayurvedic Treatment for Back Pain – Spine Care Program at Raha Ayurveda

    Ayurvedic Treatment for Back Pain – Spine Care Program at Raha Ayurveda

    Introduction Back pain can affect people of all ages and can be incredibly debilitating. It can hinder your daily activities, lower your quality of life, and even lead to various health issues if left untreated. Fortunately, Ayurveda offers a holistic approach to address back pain and spinal issues. In this blog, we will delve into…

  • RAHA’s Ayurvedic & Integrated Functional Approach to Treating Sinus Issues

    RAHA’s Ayurvedic & Integrated Functional Approach to Treating Sinus Issues

    Introduction Sinusitis, referred to as “pinasa” in Ayurveda, is a condition characterized by inflammation or swelling of the sinuses’ lining, resulting in a range of discomforting symptoms. Normally filled with air, the sinuses can become obstructed and collect fluid, providing a breeding ground for harmful germs. Ayurveda offers holistic approaches to manage and alleviate sinusitis,…

  • An Ayurvedic Approach to Childhood Tuberculosis By Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    An Ayurvedic Approach to Childhood Tuberculosis By Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Childhood Tuberculosis (TB): An Ayurvedic Perspective Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri highlights childhood tuberculosis, also known as primary complex, as a prevalent ailment among children. He underscores its substantial impact on weakening children’s immune systems, rendering them highly vulnerable. According to him, the prompt identification and treatment of this disease are of paramount importance, given its…

  • Holistic Stress Management Therapies by Raha Ayurveda

    Holistic Stress Management Therapies by Raha Ayurveda

    In our increasingly fast-paced world, stress has emerged as a universal challenge. Prolonged working hours coupled with underlying health concerns often lead individuals to experience feelings of stress, fatigue, and at times, even depression. Ayurveda emphasizes that both mental and physical stress act as primary catalysts for a spectrum of health, social, and relational issues.…

  • Holistic Healing: Ayurvedic Strategies for Managing Psoriasis

    Holistic Healing: Ayurvedic Strategies for Managing Psoriasis

    The emotional and physical challenges of living with psoriasis are undeniable, often leading to feelings of guilt, shame, and isolation. While conventional treatments focus on surface-level management, Ayurveda offers a profound holistic approach that addresses both the external symptoms and underlying imbalances within the body. In this article, we explore the psychological impact of psoriasis,…

  • The Ayurvedic Solutions to Relieve Constipation Naturally – Insights by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    The Ayurvedic Solutions to Relieve Constipation Naturally – Insights by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Introduction: Constipation can pose a significant challenge, even for young children. In this enlightening case study, we delve into the story of Fathima’s ten-year-old son, who battles persistent constipation. Despite his struggles, he admirably maintains his studies and physical activities. Seeking a natural remedy, Fathima turns to Ayurvedic treatments to alleviate her son’s discomfort. Let’s…

  • Ayurvedic Treatment for Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)- A Comprehensive Guide

    Ayurvedic Treatment for Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)- A Comprehensive Guide

    Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder arising from infection and genetic predisposition, affects joints symmetrically, causing pain, swelling, tenderness, and limited movement. Living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves grappling with daily pain, stiffness, and inflammation. Amidst these challenges, a ray of hope emerges through Ayurvedic treatment, which offers a fresh approach to managing RA, addressing both…

  • Improving Gut Health & Digestion  – A Guide by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Improving Gut Health & Digestion – A Guide by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Case Study Meet Raghavan, a 62-year-old gentleman hailing from Pathanamthitta, Kerala. Struggling with diminished appetite, even a morning meal fails to incite hunger until 2 p.m. Despite numerous tests, including an endoscopy, no specific abnormalities have been identified. Digestive stimulants, too, have proven ineffective in aiding Raghavan. Food no longer holds its appeal or the…

  • Ayurvedic Weight Loss Treatments: Embrace Natural Weight Loss with Ayurveda

    Ayurvedic Weight Loss Treatments: Embrace Natural Weight Loss with Ayurveda

    Ayurveda, the ancient Indian science of life, offers a holistic approach to weight loss that seeks to balance the body, mind, and soul. According to Ayurveda, excess body fat can be shed by reducing kapha in our bodies through specific diet and lifestyle practices. While kapha is essential for strength, stability, protection, and immunity, its…

  • The Benefits of Breastfeeding – By Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    The Benefits of Breastfeeding – By Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri emphasizes that breast milk stands as the most superior source of nutrition for babies, offering a sterile, convenient, and emotionally bonding experience. In our fast-paced and image-conscious society, some mothers tend to downplay the significance of breastfeeding, opting for artificial infant food instead. Here Dr. Namboothiri highlights the benefits of breastfeeding.…

  • The Role of Ayurveda in Managing Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

    The Role of Ayurveda in Managing Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

    Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a is a rare and severe neurological condition where the body’s immune system unintentionally targets its own peripheral nerve system. Primarily affecting the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, this condition leads to a range of debilitating symptoms. The exact cause of GBS remains unclear, often triggered by infections or other…

  • Enhancing Learning Excellence through Ayurveda: A Holistic Approach to Academic Performance

    Enhancing Learning Excellence through Ayurveda: A Holistic Approach to Academic Performance

    Ayurveda, an ancient system of holistic medicine originating from India, has gained international recognition for its profound impact on general health and well-being. However, the potential of Ayurveda extends far beyond physical wellness, as recent studies suggest its ability to significantly improve cognitive functions, memory, and learning capabilities, making it an exceptional tool to enhance…

  • Ayurvedic Stroke Rehabilitation – Insights by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Ayurvedic Stroke Rehabilitation – Insights by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    In his enlightening explanation, Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri reveals that a stroke is a devastating tragedy that abruptly disrupts one’s life. Both the patient and their family are left uncertain about how to move forward. Fortunately, some individuals receive early and appropriate treatment, enabling them to avoid major problems. For most people, proper treatment, care,…

  • The Benefits of Ayurvedic Detoxification Program: Natural Path to Cleansing 

    The Benefits of Ayurvedic Detoxification Program: Natural Path to Cleansing 

    Among the various practices within Ayurveda, the detoxification program stands out as a highly recommended method to rid the body and mind of toxins, ultimately contributing to illness prevention. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the numerous benefits of an Ayurvedic detox program. It provides you with a natural and rejuvenating  ayurvedic cleanse to…

  • Ayurvedic Weight Loss Retreat in Kerala: A Holistic and Personalized Journey

    Ayurvedic Weight Loss Retreat in Kerala: A Holistic and Personalized Journey

    Raha, we offer effective Ayurvedic weight loss treatment in Kerala that utilize herbal medicines and natural therapies such as panchakarma, udwarthanam, abhyanga, along with a healthy diet plan. Our treatments include yoga and different types of Ayurvedic massages using ingredients like fenugreek, pepper, ginger, Guggul, Triphala, and Garcinia to help you safely and naturally shed…

  • Ayurvedic Way of Boosting Health in Karkidakam – A Guide by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Ayurvedic Way of Boosting Health in Karkidakam – A Guide by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    According to Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri, changes in the climate can significantly affect human body strength and immunity. The summer and rainy seasons, in particular, are considered to be highly immunosuppressive periods. During summer, body strength starts to decline and reaches its lowest point during the monsoons. Ayurveda points out several ways for Boosting Health…

  • Ayurvedic Beauty Care Program to Keep You Young and Beautiful

    Ayurvedic Beauty Care Program to Keep You Young and Beautiful

    The desire for lasting youth and beauty has existed since human civilization began. In today’s society, where stress, pollution, and unhealthy habits are common, it can be challenging to maintain young and glowing skin. Fortunately, the traditional discipline of Ayurveda holds a wealth of knowledge and techniques that can assist us in preserving and enhancing…

  • Ayurvedic Treatment for Female Infertility: Exploring Causes and Symptoms

    Ayurvedic Treatment for Female Infertility: Exploring Causes and Symptoms

    Infertility is a widespread issue experienced by women worldwide, referring to the inability to conceive even after a year or more of unprotected intercourse. This blog aims to shed light on ayurvedic management of female infertility. It describes how Ayurveda can offer solutions to this problem by addressing its root causes and managing the associated…

  • A Comprehensive Guide to Managing Allergies and Persistent Sneezing by Dr. M.R Vasudevan Namboothiri

    A Comprehensive Guide to Managing Allergies and Persistent Sneezing by Dr. M.R Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Introduction Meet Ms. Sabitha, a 25-year-old primary school teacher residing in Angamaly. She shares her ongoing struggle with persistent sneezing, frequent colds, and a dust allergy. Even the simple act of writing on the chalkboard triggers her sneezing episodes. Despite trying various anti-allergic medications, she has only experienced temporary relief. Recently, Sabitha found herself hospitalized…

  • Understanding and Managing Autoimmune Disorders: An Ayurvedic Perspective

    Understanding and Managing Autoimmune Disorders: An Ayurvedic Perspective

    Autoimmune disorders encompass a range of diseases wherein the immune system falsely attacks the body’s own tissues, resulting in inflammation and various symptoms. These disorders can affect multiple organs and systems, causing significant discomfort and distress to individuals. While conventional medicine offers treatment options to manage symptoms and decreases the progression of these disorders, Ayurveda,…

  • Ayurvedic Therapies for WRULDs: Your Path to Natural Relief

    Ayurvedic Therapies for WRULDs: Your Path to Natural Relief

    In our fast-paced, technology-driven world, where computers and smartphones have become integral parts of our lives, there has been a significant rise in Work-Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULDs). These conditions arise from repetitive or strenuous activities that cause discomfort or pain in the hands, shoulders, and neck. While conventional medicine primarily focuses on symptom management,…

  • Fever Facts: Causes, Prevention, and Enhancing Immunity – Insights from Dr. M.R Vasudevan Namboothiri

    Fever Facts: Causes, Prevention, and Enhancing Immunity – Insights from Dr. M.R Vasudevan Namboothiri

    As we approach a season when various types of fevers become prevalent, it is important to acknowledge the insights shared by Dr. M.R Vasudevan Namboothiri. Among these fevers, influenza poses a significant concern, ranging from mild illness to potentially life-threatening conditions. Often, individuals resort to costly specialist tests even for minor cold symptoms. Therefore, it…

  • Ayurvedic Treatment for Geriatric Care: A Path Towards Holistic Well-being

    Ayurvedic Treatment for Geriatric Care: A Path Towards Holistic Well-being

    As we age, our bodies inevitably undergo various physiological changes, often resulting in chronic health conditions and a decreased quality of life. Mainstream medicine primarily focuses on treating symptoms, occasionally neglecting the overall wellness of the individual. Ayurveda, an ancient Indian healing system, takes a holistic approach by addressing both the symptoms and the root…

  • Managing Cervical Spondylosis with Ayurvedic Treatment

    Managing Cervical Spondylosis with Ayurvedic Treatment

    Understanding Cervical Spondylosis Cervical Spondylosis refers to the deterioration of bones and intervertebral discs in the neck, leading to various health issues, including herniated discs and bone spurs (excessive bone growth at the ends). It is a common condition that intensifies with age, often causing neck pain and stiffness. Managing cervical spondylosis in ayurvedic way…

  • Managing Arthritis Pain with Ayurvedic Lifestyle Practices

    Managing Arthritis Pain with Ayurvedic Lifestyle Practices

    Arthritis, a condition characterized by painful inflammation and joint stiffness, affects millions of people worldwide. Fortunately, Ayurveda provides holistic practices that can help manage this condition. Join us as we delve into the world of Ayurvedic arthritis management. Arthritis Ayurvedic Perspective According to Ayurveda, arthritis is often associated with an imbalance in the Vata dosha,…

  • Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri’s Case Study

    Insights into Neurodegenerative Diseases: Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri’s Case Study

    Sarojam’s mother, aged 62, has been experiencing a gradual decline in her physical health over the past year. Initially, she noticed a loss of strength in her right hand, accompanied by noticeable muscle twitches in her arms and legs. On certain occasions, others could discern a slight slurring in her speech. After undergoing numerous medical…

  • Ayurvedic Spine Care: Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Spine

    Ayurvedic Spine Care: Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Spine

    Derived from the ancient lands of India, Ayurveda is a comprehensive healing science that emphasizes the creation of bodily balance to foster health and well-being. Ensuring the health of our spine is of utmost importance, as it serves as the central support structure of the body and directly impacts our mobility and quality of life.…

  • The Miraculous Benefits of Lemon Juice: Health Revelations by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    The Miraculous Benefits of Lemon Juice: Health Revelations by Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri

    In a captivating article recently featured in the Malayala Manorama newspaper, esteemed health specialist Dr. M.R. Vasudevan Namboothiri illuminates the benefits of lemon juice. Namboothiri’s exploration into the medicinal properties of lemons serves as a poignant reminder of the extraordinary potency found in nature’s abundant offerings.   Health Benefits of Lemon Juice At the core…

  • Lifestyle Tips for Weight Management : Ayurvedic Slimming Programme

    Lifestyle Tips for Weight Management : Ayurvedic Slimming Programme

    Losing weight can be a significant challenge for many individuals. However, the focus should not solely be on weight reduction, but also on maintaining a balanced approach that ensures the body receives essential nutrients. A steady, healthy, and reliable weight loss regimen is necessary, and this is where the Ayurvedic system comes into play. This…

  • Ayurvedic Care for Women: Hormonal Imbalance and Menopause

    Ayurvedic Care for Women: Hormonal Imbalance and Menopause

    Menopause, a natural phase in every woman’s life, signifies the cessation of menstruation and fertility. This transition often comes with various symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, sleep disorder, and other hormonal imbalances. While mainstream medicine typically focuses on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to alleviate these symptoms. Ayurvedic care for women offers a unique…

  • Ayurvedic Approaches For Enhancing Fertility: Embarking on the Path to Parenthood

    Ayurvedic Approaches For Enhancing Fertility: Embarking on the Path to Parenthood

    Ayurveda, the ancient healing science from India. It offers a distinctive and effective ayurvedic approaches for enhancing fertility. Let us delve deeper into this subject.  The Ayurvedic Perspective on Infertility  Ayurveda comprehends the human body and its challenges like no other system of medicine. Its perspective on infertility extends beyond the mere inability of a…

  • Unlocking the Potential of Children’s Life Activities During School Reopening

    Unlocking the Potential of Children’s Life Activities During School Reopening

    We are thrilled to share Raha Ayurveda‘s has published an enlightening article featuring the the expertise of Dr. M. R. Vasudevan Namboothiri focusing on the crucial period of school reopening and the significance of children’s life activities. This insightful piece has been featured in the esteemed  Manorama News Paper, shedding light on the importance of…

  • Ayurvedic Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome For Natural Relief

    Ayurvedic Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome For Natural Relief

    Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent condition affecting millions of individuals worldwide. It arises when the median nerve, which passes through the wrist, becomes compressed or irritated. Symptoms include pain, numbness, tingling, and flaw in the hand and wrist. While conventional treatments like splinting, medication, or surgery are commonly recommended, it is worth exploring…

  • Ayurvedic Postnatal Care – Pathway to Recovery & Rejuvenation

    Ayurvedic Postnatal Care – Pathway to Recovery & Rejuvenation

    Childbirth is a transformative event in a woman’s life, bringing immense joy, change, and the need for recovery. While medical science has made incredible advancements in ensuring safer childbirth, the focus is now shifting towards effective postnatal care. Ayurveda, a traditional Indian system of medicine, has gained recognition for its holistic approach and natural remedies.…

  • Ayurvedic Treatment for Managing Computer Vision Syndrome

    Ayurvedic Treatment for Managing Computer Vision Syndrome

    In our fast-paced digital world, many of us spend countless hours staring at computer screens for work, learning, or leisure activities. Unfortunately, this prolonged screen exposure can lead to a common issue known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). This blog post aims to explore the possible remedies and preventive measures for managing Computer Vision Syndrome…

  • Benefits of Nasya : Enhancing Health through Ayurvedic Nasal Therapy

    Benefits of Nasya : Enhancing Health through Ayurvedic Nasal Therapy

    Nasya, also known as Nasyam, is a therapeutic Ayurvedic procedure that involves the installation of medicated oils, herbal extracts, or powders into the nasal passages. It is a profound treatment that aims to balance the body’s energies and specifically targets the Vata dosha, which governs the nervous system. The Three Stages of Nasya 1. Poorvakarma…

  • Ayurvedic Perspective on Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

    Ayurvedic Perspective on Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

    Sinusitis is a prevalent condition that affects numerous individuals worldwide. It occurs when the sinuses, which are air-filled cavities in the skull, become inflamed and congested. While modern medicine provides various treatments for sinusitis, Ayurveda, offers valuable insights and natural remedies to alleviate this condition. This blog explores ayurvedic perspective on sinusitis. Major Causes of…

  • The Benefits of Shirodhara: Relaxation, Healing, and More

    The Benefits of Shirodhara: Relaxation, Healing, and More

    In the harmonious world of Ayurveda, healing methods transcend beyond mere medication, addressing not only physical discomfort but also emotional and spiritual well-being. One such holistic practice is Shirodhara, a traditional Ayurvedic therapy hailed for its numerous benefits. This article delves into the benefits of shirodhara, exploring relaxation, healing, and more. What is Shirodhara? Shirodhara…

  • The Remarkable Benefits of Rasayana Chikitsa: Nurturing the Body and Mind

    The Remarkable Benefits of Rasayana Chikitsa: Nurturing the Body and Mind

    Rasayana Chikitsa, an Ayurvedic therapy, plays a crucial role in maintaining and promoting optimal health. The term “Rasayana” originates from Sanskrit, where “Rasa” signifies the nourishing essence of the body, and “Ayana” represents a pathway. Hence, Rasayana can be understood as a nurturing pathway that encompasses nutrition at various levels, from macro to micro-cellular. By…

  • Ayurvedic Herbs for Respiratory Health: Enhance Your Breathing with Nature’s Remedies

    Ayurvedic Herbs for Respiratory Health: Enhance Your Breathing with Nature’s Remedies

    In Ayurveda and Yogic traditions, the concept of Prana, the vital energy derived from breath, holds immense significance. It is believed that a significant portion of the energy needed to sustain our body comes from the breath and food. Without Prana, our bodily functions would cease. Prana, as a subdoshas of vata, flows inward and…

  • Improving Digestion Naturally: Ayurvedic Diet and Lifestyle Tips

    Improving Digestion Naturally: Ayurvedic Diet and Lifestyle Tips

    Ayurveda highlights the importance of a balanced and healthy digestive system for overall well-being. Poor digestion can result in various health issues, including bloating, gas, constipation, and even more severe conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This blog will delve into how Ayurveda can aid in improving digestion. Causes of Indigestion Indigestion or dyspepsia is…

  • Ayurvedic Stress Relieving Therapies

    Ayurvedic Stress Relieving Therapies

    Stress is an inevitable part of life, and it is crucial to manage it effectively to maintain our overall well-being. Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, provides several techniques for stress management. Let’s explore some of these Ayurvedic stress relieving therapies. 1. Shiroabhyanga Shiroabhyanga is one among the best stress relieving therapies. Shiroabhayanga is…

  • Exploring Ayurvedic Remedies for Migraine Headaches

    Exploring Ayurvedic Remedies for Migraine Headaches

    Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that range from mild to severe in intensity. According to Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine, migraine is caused by an imbalance in the three doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha.  This imbalance affects the nervous system, leading to memory problems, concentration difficulties, and reduced mental immunity.…

  • Skin Disorders & Ayurveda: Managing Eczema, Psoriasis, and Acne

    Skin Disorders & Ayurveda: Managing Eczema, Psoriasis, and Acne

    According to Ayurveda, health can be achieved by balancing the mind, body, and spirit. Ayurvedic treatments can effectively manage skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne. Below are some Ayurvedic remedies for some common skin disorders Eczema Eczema is a skin disorder characterized by red, itchy skin and can also cause papules and vesicles.…